A complete timeline of historical events, famous births, notable deaths, and holidays that occurred on April 2 throughout history.
89
Events
15
Births
5
Deaths
Juan Ponce de León (1474 – July 1521) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador known for leading the first official European expedition to Puerto Rico in 1508 and Florida in 1513.
The Coinage Act is passed, establishing the United States Mint and authorizing the $10 Eagle, $5 Half-Eagle, $2.50 Quarter-Eagle gold coins, and the silver dollar, half dollar, quarter, dime, and half-dime
The British Army during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars experienced a time of rapid change.
The United States declared war on the German Empire on April 6, 1917. President Woodrow Wilson asked a special joint session of the United States Congress for a declaration of war on April 2, 1917,…
Haile Selassie I was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as the Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia (Enderase) under Empress Zewditu between 1916 and 1930. Widely considered to be…
The occupation of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands was the short-lived Argentine occupation of a group of British islands in the South Atlantic whose sovereignty…
Record 6.6 million Americans file claims for unemployment in the prior week according to the US Department of Labor, 10 million in the prior two weeks
US President Donald Trump announces "Liberation Day", unveiling wide-ranging tariffs on foreign countries importing into the US, including 34% on China and 20% for the European Union [1]
"2001 A Space Odyssey" directed by Stanley Kubrick and starring Keir Dullea and Gary Lockwood, premieres at the Uptown Theater in Washington, D.C.
Fleetwood Mac's "Rumours" album goes to No. 1 and stays atop the charts for 31 weeks
Longest strike in American major league sports history (232 days) ends as MLB owners accept players’ offer to return to work without a contract; MLB is the first major pro sports league to lose an entire postseason due to a labor dispute
Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English novelist, journalist, short story writer and social critic.
German lawyer and future Nazi war criminal Hans Frank (24) weds German secretary Brigitte Herbst (29) in Munich, Germany, until his execution in 1946
Author Jacqueline Susann (20) weds Irving Mansfield at Har Zion Temple in Philadelphia
William Harrison "Jack" Dempsey (June 24, 1895 – May 31, 1983), nicknamed Kid Blackie and The Manassa Mauler, was an American boxer who competed from 1914 to 1927, and was world heavyweight champion…
Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau (64) divorces Margaret Sinclair (35) due to irreconcilable differences, after 13 years of marriage
"Wayne's World" actress Tia Carrere (43) divorces British photojournalist Simon Wakelin due to irreconcilable differences after 7 years of marriage
Pope Sylvester II (Latin: Silvester II; c. 946 – 12 May 1003), originally known as Gerbert of Aurillac, was a scholar and teacher who served as the bishop of Rome and ruled the Papal States from 999...
Jewish physician Joseph Hacohen is expelled from the city of Genoa, followed by the expulsion of all Jews soon afterward
England and France sign the first Treaty of Le Cateau-Cambrésis
The States-General appoints Earl Maurice as the Viceroy of Utrecht
Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, resigns as Parliament's supreme commander during the English Civil War
Commodore William James captures the pirate fortress of Suvarnadurg on west coast of India
Charles III (Spanish: Carlos Sebastián de Borbón y Farnesio; 20 January 1716 – 14 December 1788) was King of Spain from 1759 until his death in 1788.
Forty merchantmen are wrecked when a convoy led by HMS Apollo runs aground off Portugal.
1st successful agricultural journal ("American Farmer") first publishes
Salem (SAY-ləm) is a historic coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, located on the North Shore of Greater Boston.
H L Fizeau & Leon Foucault take 1st photo of the Sun
Turin is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of the Piedmont region and of the Metropolitan City of Turin.
The Southern bread riots were events of civil unrest in the Confederacy during the American Civil War, perpetrated mostly by women in March and April 1863.
Skirmish at Crump's Hill (Piney Woods), Louisiana
The Battle of Fort Blakeley took place from April 2 to April 9, 1865, in Baldwin County, Alabama, about 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Spanish Fort, Alabama, as part of the Mobile Campaign of the American...
The Brayton cycle, also known as the Joule cycle, is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the operation of certain heat engines that have air or some other gas as their working fluid. It is...
1st Easter egg roll held on White House lawn
1st issue of Rotterdam's Newspaper
Battle at Bamako: French assault on Fabous arm forces attack
London prison for debtors closed
1st edition of The Volk published (Amsterdam)
Dmitry Sipyagin, Minister of Interior of the Russian Empire, is assassinated by a terrorist in the Marie Palace, St Petersburg
Cairo-Capetown railway opens
Dave Nourse takes 4 wickets and Reggie Schwarz 3 as South Africa wins the 5th cricket Test in Cape Town to complete a 4-1 series drubbing of England
57 armed New Zealand police invade the remote Ngāi Tūhoe settlement of Maungapōhatu in the Urewera Ranges to arrest the Māori prophet Rua Kēnana
Riots between Muslims & Hindus in Calcutta
1st NY-Bermuda airplane flight lands in Bermuda
Saab AB (originally , lit. 'The Swedish Aeroplane Corporation', acronym SAAB), with subsidiaries collectively known as the Saab Group (Swedish: Saabgruppen), is a Swedish aerospace and defence...
German occupier disallows Dutch scouting association
LPGA Titleholders Championship Women's Golf, Augusta CC: Dorothy Kirby retains title by 5 strokes ahead of Eileen Stulb
Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Brazil are established
Carlo Terron's "Il diamente del profeta" premieres in Rome
WTAR (now WTKR) TV channel 3 in Norfolk, VA (CBS) begins broadcasting
Julius Raab (29 November 1891 – 8 January 1964) was an Austrian politician who served as Federal Chancellor of Austria from 1953 to 1961.
Ed Wood's cult classic film "Glen or Glenda?", initially screened as "I Changed My Sex" premieres in San Francisco, California
Antillean Brewery (Amstel beer) opens
Cuba has a developing command economy dominated by state-run enterprises. The Communist Party of Cuba maintains high levels of public sector control and exerts significant influence over the Cuban...
"Eye of the Needle", a revolving restaurant, opens atop the Space Needle at the Century 21 Exposition (World's Fair) in Seattle, Washington; designed by architect John Graham, Jr [1]
Explorer 17 attains Earth orbit (254/914 km)
USSR launches Zond 1 to Venus; no data returned
Hochhuths play "Stellvertreter" banned in Italy
The Soviet space program was the state space program of the Soviet Union, active from 1951 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Toronto center Forbes Kennedy sets a Stanley Cup playoff record for most penalties in one game with 8 as the Maple Leafs crash 10-0 to the Bruins at Boston; Boston’s first NHL playoff victory in 10 years
2 men begin ascent of south face of Annapurna I, highest final stage in a wall climb in world
Dark Shadows, American Gothic supernatural soap opera, concludes an almost 5 year run on ABC
CBS radio begins on the hour news, 24 hours a day
Vietnam War: Thousands of civilian refugees flee from the Quang Ngai Province in front of advancing North Vietnamese troops.
Cambodia Khieu Sampan succeeds Prince Sihanouk as Premier
Georges de Mestral's patent for "velvet type fabric" expires, puts "Velcro" in the open market
Belgium's 4th government of Martens resigns
Edmonton center Wayne Gretzky sets an NHL record with his 34th career hat trick as the Oilers beat the Kings 6-4 in Los Angeles
4 US passengers killed by bomb at TWA counter Athens Airport Greece
The Personal System 2 is IBM's second generation of personal computers. Released in 1987, it officially replaced the IBM PC, XT, AT, and PC Convertible in IBM's lineup.
Calgary Flames right wing Joe Mullen sets new NHL record for most points in a season by a American-born player, with a goal and 2 assists in a 4-2 win over Edmonton Oilers gives him 110 points
Rotterdam Daily Newspaper begins publishing
Edith Cresson, France's 1st female prime minister, resigns
The Fokker 100 is a regional jet that was produced by Fokker in the Netherlands. The Fokker 100 was based on the Fokker F28 with a fuselage stretched by 5.7 m (18.8 ft) to seat up to 109 passengers,...
"Doll's House" opens at Belasco Theater NYC
Adam Gilchrist takes his 10th catch in the 3rd cricket Test against New Zealand in Hamilton to create an Australian record for dismissals by a wicketkeeper; Australia wins by 6 wickets for 3-0 series sweep
Israeli forces surround the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem into which armed Palestinians had retreated. A siege ensues.
Islamist terrorists involved in the 11 March 2004 Madrid attacks attempt to bomb the Spanish high-speed train AVE near Madrid. Their attack is thwarted.
Bubba Stewart becomes first African-American to win a major motor sports event when he takes out the Monster Energy AMA Supercross C'ship event in Irving, Texas
This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2006. Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, Bangladesh, and Eastern India, but they can...
On April 2, 2012, a mass shooting occurred inside Oikos University, a Korean Christian college in Oakland, California, United States. Seven people were killed, and three others were injured. One L.
13 children are killed in a fire in a mosque in Yangon, Burma
On 2 April 2015, gunmen stormed the Garissa University College in Garissa, Kenya, killing 148 people, and injuring at least 79.
Attack on visitors to Muslim shrine by a custodian and others in Sargodha, Pakistan leaves 20 dead
70 villages evacuated in Khuzesta province, Iran, after at least 45 killed in flooding after unprecedented rainfall
New study suggests the asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago created South America's tropical rainforests [1]
This timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war covers the period from 24 February 2022, when Russia launched a military invasion of Ukraine, to 7 April 2022 when fighting focused away from the north and...
Bassirou Diomaye Faye takes office as President of Senegal and Africa's youngest elected President at 44 [1]
Powerful spring storms begin crossing the US Midwest and mid-South, killing at least 23 people in Kentucky, Arkansas, Tennessee and Missouri [1]
Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer, known for dutch explorer, was born on 1565-04-02.
Giacomo Casanova, Italian venetian adventurer and writer, known for venetian adventurer and writer, was born on 1725-04-02.
Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer, known for danish writer, was born on 1805-04-02. Hans Christian Andersen was a Danish author.
Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, French sculptor and painter, known for french sculptor and painter, was born on 1834-04-02.
Rodney King black american victim of police brutality, known for black american victim of police brutality, was born on 1965-04-02.
Alec Guinness, English actor, known for english actor, was born on 1914-04-02. Sir Alec Guinness was an English actor.
Linda Hunt, American actress, known for american actress, was born on 1946-04-02. Linda Hunt is an American actress. She made her film debut playing Mrs.
Christopher Meloni, American actor, known for american actor, was born on 1962-04-02. Christopher Peter Meloni is an American actor.
Ajay Devgan, Indian film actor, director and producer, known for indian film actor, director and producer, was born on 1970-04-02.
Pedro Pascal, American chilean and american actor, known for chilean and american actor, was born on 1976-04-02. José Pedro Balmaceda Pascal is a Chilean and American actor.
Bethany Joy Lenz is born
Emmylou Harris, American musician, known for american singer, songwriter, and musician, was born on 1948-04-02. Emmylou Harris is an American singer, songwriter, musician, bandleader, and activist.
Walter Chrysler is born
Émile Zola, French writer, known for french writer, was born on 1840-04-02. Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the…
Walter Mittelholzer, Swiss aviation pioneer, known for swiss aviation pioneer, was born on 1894-04-02. Walter Mittelholzer (2 April 1894 – 9 May 1937) was a Swiss aviation pioneer.
Samuel Morse, American inventor and painter, known for american inventor and painter, died on 1872-04-02.
Georges Pompidou dies
Buddy Rich, American jazz drummer and bandleader, known for american jazz drummer and bandleader, died on 1987-04-02.
John Paul II dies
Winnie Mandela, South African african activist and politician, known for south african activist and politician, died on 2018-04-02.
Pope Sylvester II (Latin: Silvester II; c. 946 – 12 May 1003), originally known as Gerbert of Aurillac, was a scholar and teacher who served as the bishop of Rome and ruled the Papal States from 999...
Juan Ponce de León (1474 – July 1521) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador known for leading the first official European expedition to Puerto Rico in 1508 and Florida in 1513.
Jewish physician Joseph Hacohen is expelled from the city of Genoa, followed by the expulsion of all Jews soon afterward
England and France sign the first Treaty of Le Cateau-Cambrésis
Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer, known for dutch explorer, was born on 1565-04-02.
The States-General appoints Earl Maurice as the Viceroy of Utrecht
Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, resigns as Parliament's supreme commander during the English Civil War
Giacomo Casanova, Italian venetian adventurer and writer, known for venetian adventurer and writer, was born on 1725-04-02.
Commodore William James captures the pirate fortress of Suvarnadurg on west coast of India
Charles III (Spanish: Carlos Sebastián de Borbón y Farnesio; 20 January 1716 – 14 December 1788) was King of Spain from 1759 until his death in 1788.
The Coinage Act is passed, establishing the United States Mint and authorizing the $10 Eagle, $5 Half-Eagle, $2.50 Quarter-Eagle gold coins, and the silver dollar, half dollar, quarter, dime, and half-dime
The British Army during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars experienced a time of rapid change.
Forty merchantmen are wrecked when a convoy led by HMS Apollo runs aground off Portugal.
Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer, known for danish writer, was born on 1805-04-02. Hans Christian Andersen was a Danish author.
1st successful agricultural journal ("American Farmer") first publishes
Salem (SAY-ləm) is a historic coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, located on the North Shore of Greater Boston.
Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi, French sculptor and painter, known for french sculptor and painter, was born on 1834-04-02.
Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English novelist, journalist, short story writer and social critic.
Émile Zola, French writer, known for french writer, was born on 1840-04-02. Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the…
H L Fizeau & Leon Foucault take 1st photo of the Sun
Turin is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of the Piedmont region and of the Metropolitan City of Turin.
The Southern bread riots were events of civil unrest in the Confederacy during the American Civil War, perpetrated mostly by women in March and April 1863.
Skirmish at Crump's Hill (Piney Woods), Louisiana
The Battle of Fort Blakeley took place from April 2 to April 9, 1865, in Baldwin County, Alabama, about 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Spanish Fort, Alabama, as part of the Mobile Campaign of the American...
The Brayton cycle, also known as the Joule cycle, is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the operation of certain heat engines that have air or some other gas as their working fluid. It is...
Samuel Morse, American inventor and painter, known for american inventor and painter, died on 1872-04-02.
Walter Chrysler is born
1st Easter egg roll held on White House lawn
1st issue of Rotterdam's Newspaper
Battle at Bamako: French assault on Fabous arm forces attack
London prison for debtors closed
Walter Mittelholzer, Swiss aviation pioneer, known for swiss aviation pioneer, was born on 1894-04-02. Walter Mittelholzer (2 April 1894 – 9 May 1937) was a Swiss aviation pioneer.
1st edition of The Volk published (Amsterdam)
Dmitry Sipyagin, Minister of Interior of the Russian Empire, is assassinated by a terrorist in the Marie Palace, St Petersburg
Cairo-Capetown railway opens
Dave Nourse takes 4 wickets and Reggie Schwarz 3 as South Africa wins the 5th cricket Test in Cape Town to complete a 4-1 series drubbing of England
Alec Guinness, English actor, known for english actor, was born on 1914-04-02. Sir Alec Guinness was an English actor.
57 armed New Zealand police invade the remote Ngāi Tūhoe settlement of Maungapōhatu in the Urewera Ranges to arrest the Māori prophet Rua Kēnana
The United States declared war on the German Empire on April 6, 1917. President Woodrow Wilson asked a special joint session of the United States Congress for a declaration of war on April 2, 1917,…
William Harrison "Jack" Dempsey (June 24, 1895 – May 31, 1983), nicknamed Kid Blackie and The Manassa Mauler, was an American boxer who competed from 1914 to 1927, and was world heavyweight champion…
German lawyer and future Nazi war criminal Hans Frank (24) weds German secretary Brigitte Herbst (29) in Munich, Germany, until his execution in 1946
Riots between Muslims & Hindus in Calcutta
Haile Selassie I was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as the Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia (Enderase) under Empress Zewditu between 1916 and 1930. Widely considered to be…
1st NY-Bermuda airplane flight lands in Bermuda
Saab AB (originally , lit. 'The Swedish Aeroplane Corporation', acronym SAAB), with subsidiaries collectively known as the Saab Group (Swedish: Saabgruppen), is a Swedish aerospace and defence...
Author Jacqueline Susann (20) weds Irving Mansfield at Har Zion Temple in Philadelphia
German occupier disallows Dutch scouting association
LPGA Titleholders Championship Women's Golf, Augusta CC: Dorothy Kirby retains title by 5 strokes ahead of Eileen Stulb
Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Brazil are established
Linda Hunt, American actress, known for american actress, was born on 1946-04-02. Linda Hunt is an American actress. She made her film debut playing Mrs.
Carlo Terron's "Il diamente del profeta" premieres in Rome
Emmylou Harris, American musician, known for american singer, songwriter, and musician, was born on 1948-04-02. Emmylou Harris is an American singer, songwriter, musician, bandleader, and activist.
WTAR (now WTKR) TV channel 3 in Norfolk, VA (CBS) begins broadcasting
Julius Raab (29 November 1891 – 8 January 1964) was an Austrian politician who served as Federal Chancellor of Austria from 1953 to 1961.
Ed Wood's cult classic film "Glen or Glenda?", initially screened as "I Changed My Sex" premieres in San Francisco, California
Antillean Brewery (Amstel beer) opens
Cuba has a developing command economy dominated by state-run enterprises. The Communist Party of Cuba maintains high levels of public sector control and exerts significant influence over the Cuban...
"Eye of the Needle", a revolving restaurant, opens atop the Space Needle at the Century 21 Exposition (World's Fair) in Seattle, Washington; designed by architect John Graham, Jr [1]
Christopher Meloni, American actor, known for american actor, was born on 1962-04-02. Christopher Peter Meloni is an American actor.
Explorer 17 attains Earth orbit (254/914 km)
USSR launches Zond 1 to Venus; no data returned
Hochhuths play "Stellvertreter" banned in Italy
Rodney King black american victim of police brutality, known for black american victim of police brutality, was born on 1965-04-02.
The Soviet space program was the state space program of the Soviet Union, active from 1951 until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
"2001 A Space Odyssey" directed by Stanley Kubrick and starring Keir Dullea and Gary Lockwood, premieres at the Uptown Theater in Washington, D.C.
Toronto center Forbes Kennedy sets a Stanley Cup playoff record for most penalties in one game with 8 as the Maple Leafs crash 10-0 to the Bruins at Boston; Boston’s first NHL playoff victory in 10 years
2 men begin ascent of south face of Annapurna I, highest final stage in a wall climb in world
Ajay Devgan, Indian film actor, director and producer, known for indian film actor, director and producer, was born on 1970-04-02.
Dark Shadows, American Gothic supernatural soap opera, concludes an almost 5 year run on ABC
CBS radio begins on the hour news, 24 hours a day
Georges Pompidou dies
Vietnam War: Thousands of civilian refugees flee from the Quang Ngai Province in front of advancing North Vietnamese troops.
Cambodia Khieu Sampan succeeds Prince Sihanouk as Premier
Pedro Pascal, American chilean and american actor, known for chilean and american actor, was born on 1976-04-02. José Pedro Balmaceda Pascal is a Chilean and American actor.
Fleetwood Mac's "Rumours" album goes to No. 1 and stays atop the charts for 31 weeks
Georges de Mestral's patent for "velvet type fabric" expires, puts "Velcro" in the open market
Belgium's 4th government of Martens resigns
The occupation of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands was the short-lived Argentine occupation of a group of British islands in the South Atlantic whose sovereignty…
Bethany Joy Lenz is born
Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau (64) divorces Margaret Sinclair (35) due to irreconcilable differences, after 13 years of marriage
Edmonton center Wayne Gretzky sets an NHL record with his 34th career hat trick as the Oilers beat the Kings 6-4 in Los Angeles
4 US passengers killed by bomb at TWA counter Athens Airport Greece
The Personal System 2 is IBM's second generation of personal computers. Released in 1987, it officially replaced the IBM PC, XT, AT, and PC Convertible in IBM's lineup.
Buddy Rich, American jazz drummer and bandleader, known for american jazz drummer and bandleader, died on 1987-04-02.
Calgary Flames right wing Joe Mullen sets new NHL record for most points in a season by a American-born player, with a goal and 2 assists in a 4-2 win over Edmonton Oilers gives him 110 points
Rotterdam Daily Newspaper begins publishing
Edith Cresson, France's 1st female prime minister, resigns
The Fokker 100 is a regional jet that was produced by Fokker in the Netherlands. The Fokker 100 was based on the Fokker F28 with a fuselage stretched by 5.7 m (18.8 ft) to seat up to 109 passengers,...
Longest strike in American major league sports history (232 days) ends as MLB owners accept players’ offer to return to work without a contract; MLB is the first major pro sports league to lose an entire postseason due to a labor dispute
"Doll's House" opens at Belasco Theater NYC
Adam Gilchrist takes his 10th catch in the 3rd cricket Test against New Zealand in Hamilton to create an Australian record for dismissals by a wicketkeeper; Australia wins by 6 wickets for 3-0 series sweep
Israeli forces surround the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem into which armed Palestinians had retreated. A siege ensues.
Islamist terrorists involved in the 11 March 2004 Madrid attacks attempt to bomb the Spanish high-speed train AVE near Madrid. Their attack is thwarted.
Bubba Stewart becomes first African-American to win a major motor sports event when he takes out the Monster Energy AMA Supercross C'ship event in Irving, Texas
John Paul II dies
This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2006. Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, Bangladesh, and Eastern India, but they can...
"Wayne's World" actress Tia Carrere (43) divorces British photojournalist Simon Wakelin due to irreconcilable differences after 7 years of marriage
On April 2, 2012, a mass shooting occurred inside Oikos University, a Korean Christian college in Oakland, California, United States. Seven people were killed, and three others were injured. One L.
13 children are killed in a fire in a mosque in Yangon, Burma
On 2 April 2015, gunmen stormed the Garissa University College in Garissa, Kenya, killing 148 people, and injuring at least 79.
Attack on visitors to Muslim shrine by a custodian and others in Sargodha, Pakistan leaves 20 dead
Winnie Mandela, South African african activist and politician, known for south african activist and politician, died on 2018-04-02.
70 villages evacuated in Khuzesta province, Iran, after at least 45 killed in flooding after unprecedented rainfall
Record 6.6 million Americans file claims for unemployment in the prior week according to the US Department of Labor, 10 million in the prior two weeks
New study suggests the asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs 66 million years ago created South America's tropical rainforests [1]
This timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war covers the period from 24 February 2022, when Russia launched a military invasion of Ukraine, to 7 April 2022 when fighting focused away from the north and...
Bassirou Diomaye Faye takes office as President of Senegal and Africa's youngest elected President at 44 [1]
US President Donald Trump announces "Liberation Day", unveiling wide-ranging tariffs on foreign countries importing into the US, including 34% on China and 20% for the European Union [1]
Powerful spring storms begin crossing the US Midwest and mid-South, killing at least 23 people in Kentucky, Arkansas, Tennessee and Missouri [1]