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Battle of Tumu Fortress: Mongolians capture the Chinese Emperor Yingzong of Ming

Emperor Yingzong of Ming (29 November 1427 – 23 February 1464), personal name Zhu Qizhen, was the sixth and eighth emperor of the Ming dynasty.

Emperor Yingzong of Ming (29 November 1427 – 23 February 1464), personal name Zhu Qizhen, was the sixth and eighth emperor of the Ming dynasty. He ruled as the Zhengtong Emperor from 1435 to 1449, and as the Tianshun Emperor from 1457 to 1464.

Emperor Yingzong was the eldest son and successor of the Xuande Emperor. After ascending the throne, he adopted the era name Zhengtong, which means "right governance". During his first reign, the empire was at its height of prosperity and power. As the first child emperor of the Ming dynasty, his rule was heavily influenced by high dignitaries at court. Initially, his grandmother, Grand Empress Dowager Zhang, along with the "Three Yangs" (Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong, and Yang Pu), held the highest positions of power.

Historical Significance

Emperor Yingzong of Ming (29 November 1427 – 23 February 1464), personal name Zhu Qizhen, was the sixth and eighth emperor of the Ming dynasty.

Events Before

  1. Christian I is crowned King of Denmark

    Christian I (Christiern I) (February 1426 – 21 May 1481) was a German noble and Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union.

  2. First assembly of Catalan dioceses to choose their syndics (representative) to plead abolition of serfdom to King Alfons

    First assembly of Catalan dioceses to choose their syndics (representative) to plead abolition of serfdom to King Alfons IV - 1st official recognition of serfs organizing to defend their rights

  3. Second Battle of Kosovo, where the mainly Hungarian army led by John Hunyadi is defeated by an Ottoman army led by Sulta

    Second Battle of Kosovo, where the mainly Hungarian army led by John Hunyadi is defeated by an Ottoman army led by Sultan Murad II

  4. Bishop Jonah of Moscow chosen as the new Metropolitan of Kiev, for the first time by the bishops of Moscow not the Patri

    Bishop Jonah of Moscow chosen as the new Metropolitan of Kiev, for the first time by the bishops of Moscow not the Patriarch of Constantinople

  5. Pope Nicholas V appoints Rudolf of Diepholt, Bishop of Utrecht, as cardinal

    Pope Nicholas V appoints Rudolf of Diepholt, Bishop of Utrecht, as cardinal

Events After

  1. Battle of Formigny: French defeat the English decisively in the Hundred Years' War, paving the way for the capture of En

    Battle of Formigny: French defeat the English decisively in the Hundred Years' War, paving the way for the capture of English strongholds in Normandy

  2. 'Abd al-Latif (Timurid monarch) is assassinated

    'Abd al-Latif (Timurid monarch) is assassinated

  3. Pope Nicolas V names Walram of Moers Bishop of the rich German city of Münster (voided 1452 during the conflict to contr

    Pope Nicolas V names Walram of Moers Bishop of the rich German city of Münster (voided 1452 during the conflict to control the city)

  4. Jews are expelled from Lower Bavaria by order of Louis IX

    Jews are expelled from Lower Bavaria by order of Louis IX

  5. Sultan Mehmed II, the Conqueror inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire

    The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in…

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Frequently Asked Questions

What happened on September 8, 1449?
Emperor Yingzong of Ming (29 November 1427 – 23 February 1464), personal name Zhu Qizhen, was the sixth and eighth emperor of the Ming dynasty. He ruled as the Zhengtong Emperor from 1435 to 1449, and as the Tianshun Emperor from 1457 to 1464. Emperor Yingzong was the eldest son and successor of the Xuande Emperor.
Why is Battle of Tumu Fortress: Mongolians capture the Chinese Emperor Yingzong of Ming significant?
Emperor Yingzong of Ming (29 November 1427 – 23 February 1464), personal name Zhu Qizhen, was the sixth and eighth emperor of the Ming dynasty.

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September 8 in HistoryYear 1449