On This Day
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Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II crowns himself King of Jerusalem

Frederick II (Italian: Federico, Sicilian: Fidiricu, German: Friedrich, Latin: Fridericus; 26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy...

Frederick II (Italian: Federico, Sicilian: Fidiricu, German: Friedrich, Latin: Fridericus; 26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225. He was the son of Emperor Henry VI of the Hohenstaufen dynasty (the second son of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa) and Queen Constance I of Sicily of the Hauteville dynasty.

Frederick was one of the most brilliant and powerful figures of the Middle Ages and ruled a vast area, beginning with Sicily and stretching through Italy all the way north to Germany.

Historical Significance

Frederick II (Italian: Federico, Sicilian: Fidiricu, German: Friedrich, Latin: Fridericus; 26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225.

Events Before

  1. Ferrand, Count of Flanders, freed from the Louvre after being held prisoner for 12 years by the French

    Ferrand, Count of Flanders, freed from the Louvre after being held prisoner for 12 years by the French

  2. Cardinal Ugolino di Conti is elected Pope Gregory IX

    Pope Honorius III (1150 – 18 March 1227), born Cencio Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 18 July 1216 to his death.

  3. Pope Gregory IX excommunicates German emperor Frederick II

    Pope Gregory IX (Latin: Gregorius IX; born Ugolino di Conti; 1145 – 22 August 1241) was head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241.

  4. Almohad Caliph Abdallah al-Adil is assassinated by being drowned in a bathtub

    Almohad Caliph Abdallah al-Adil is assassinated by being drowned in a bathtub

  5. Wu MeKuan, a collection of 48 Zen koans, is compiled in China

    Wu MeKuan, a collection of 48 Zen koans, is compiled in China

Events After

  1. Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Asen II defeats Theodore of Epirus near the village of Klokotnitsa

    The Battle of Klokotnitsa occurred on 9 March 1230 near the village of Klokotnitsa (today in Haskovo Province, Bulgaria) between the Second Bulgarian Empire and the Empire of Thessalonica.

  2. William de Braose, 10th Baron Abergavenny is hanged by Prince Llywelyn the Great

    William de Braose (1197 – 2 May 1230) was the son of Reginald de Braose by his first wife, Grecia Briwere.

  3. Treaty of San Germano between Emperor Frederick II and Pope Gregory IX

    The Treaty of San Germano was signed on 23 July 1230 at San Germano, present-day Cassino, ending the War of the Keys that had begun in 1228.

  4. Bishop Willebrand of Utrecht grants Swells state justice

    Bishop Willebrand of Utrecht grants Swells state justice

  5. Harderwijk (Netherlands) becomes a city

    Harderwijk (Netherlands) becomes a city

More from the 1220s

King of Scotland, Alexander II (23) marries Joan of England, sister of Henry III, a day before her 11th birthday at York

King of Scotland, Alexander II (23) marries Joan of England, sister of Henry III, a day before her 11th birthday at York Minister

Francis of Assisi is afflicted with stigmata after a vision while praying on Mount La Verna

Francis of Assisi is afflicted with stigmata after a vision while praying on Mount La Verna

Ferrand, Count of Flanders, freed from the Louvre after being held prisoner for 12 years by the French

Ferrand, Count of Flanders, freed from the Louvre after being held prisoner for 12 years by the French

Cardinal Ugolino di Conti is elected Pope Gregory IX

Pope Honorius III (1150 – 18 March 1227), born Cencio Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 18 July 1216 to his death.

Frequently Asked Questions

What happened on March 18, 1229?
Frederick II (Italian: Federico, Sicilian: Fidiricu, German: Friedrich, Latin: Fridericus; 26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225. He was the son of Emperor Henry VI of the Hohenstaufen dynasty (the second son of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa) and Queen Constance I of Sicily of the Hauteville dynasty. Frederick was one of the most brilliant and powerful figures of the Middle Ages and ruled a vast area, beginning with Sicily and stretching through Italy all the way north to Germany.
Why is Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II crowns himself King of Jerusalem significant?
Frederick II (Italian: Federico, Sicilian: Fidiricu, German: Friedrich, Latin: Fridericus; 26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225.

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March 18 in HistoryYear 1229