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English pretender to the throne James III lands at Peterhead

James Francis Edward Stuart (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766), also known as the Old Pretender, was the senior House of Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1701 until...

James Francis Edward Stuart (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766), also known as the Old Pretender, was the senior House of Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1701 until his death in 1766. The only son of James II of England and his second wife, Mary of Modena, he was Prince of Wales and heir until his Catholic father was deposed and exiled in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. His Protestant half-sister Mary II and her husband William III and II became co-monarchs. As a Catholic, he was subsequently excluded from the succession by the Bill of Rights 1689.

James claimed the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland when his father died in September 1701.

Historical Significance

James Francis Edward Stuart (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766), also known as the Old Pretender, was the senior House of Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1701 until his death in 1766.

Events Before

  1. Typewriter patented by Englishman Henry Mill (built years later)

    Typewriter patented by Englishman Henry Mill (built years later)

  2. Battle of Gangut: Russian Navy wins its first major victory during the Great Northern War against Sweden

    In the Great Northern War (1700–1721) a coalition led by Russia successfully contested the supremacy of Sweden in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

  3. Treaty of Baden is signed by the Holy Roman Empire and France, ending the War of the Spanish Succession; France retains

    Treaty of Baden is signed by the Holy Roman Empire and France, ending the War of the Spanish Succession; France retains Alsace and Landau, and Austria gains the east bank of the Rhine

  4. Nicholas Rowe's play "The Tragedy of Jane Shore" premieres in London

    The Tragedy of Jane Shore is a 1714 historical tragedy by the British writer Nicholas Rowe.

  5. Parliament of Paris accepts Pope Clement XI's "Unigenitus" decree

    Parliament of Paris accepts Pope Clement XI's "Unigenitus" decree

Events After

  1. Duke Karl Leopold of Mecklenburg-Schwerin signs covenant with Russia & marries Tsar Peter the Great's niece

    Duke Karl Leopold of Mecklenburg-Schwerin signs covenant with Russia & marries Tsar Peter the Great's niece

  2. French transport the first African slaves to Louisiana

    French transport the first African slaves to Louisiana

  3. Battle of Petrovaradin [Peterwardein]: Habsburgs under Eugene of Savoy defeat the Ottomans in a decisive victory

    The Battle of Petrovaradin also known as the Battle of Peterwardein, took place on 5 August 1716 during the Austro-Turkish War when the Ottoman army besieged the Habsburg-controlled fortress of...

  4. Amsterdam gang leader and thief "Sjako" arrested

    Amsterdam gang leader and thief "Sjako" arrested

  5. Britain & Netherlands renew alliance

    Britain & Netherlands renew alliance

More from the 1710s

Parisian merchant Jean Marius obtains a five-year royal privilege for his invention of a folding umbrella, the first in

Parisian merchant Jean Marius obtains a five-year royal privilege for his invention of a folding umbrella, the first in Europe

Typewriter patented by Englishman Henry Mill (built years later)

Typewriter patented by Englishman Henry Mill (built years later)

Russian Tsar Peter the Great officially marries Polish-Lithuanian pre-marriedeasant Martha Skavronskaya at Saint Isaac's

Russian Tsar Peter the Great officially marries Polish-Lithuanian pre-marriedeasant Martha Skavronskaya at Saint Isaac's Cathedral in Saint Petersburg, having earlier married in secret in 1707

In the Battle of Helsingborg, 14,000 Danish invaders under Jørgen Rantzau are decisively defeated by an equally sized Sw

In the Battle of Helsingborg, 14,000 Danish invaders under Jørgen Rantzau are decisively defeated by an equally sized Swedish force under Magnus Stenbock

Frequently Asked Questions

What happened on December 22, 1715?
James Francis Edward Stuart (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766), also known as the Old Pretender, was the senior House of Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1701 until his death in 1766. The only son of James II of England and his second wife, Mary of Modena, he was Prince of Wales and heir until his Catholic father was deposed and exiled in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. His Protestant half-sister Mary II and her husband William III and II became co-monarchs.
Why is English pretender to the throne James III lands at Peterhead significant?
James Francis Edward Stuart (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766), also known as the Old Pretender, was the senior House of Stuart claimant to the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1701 until his death in 1766.

Explore More

December 22 in HistoryYear 1715