China's stockpile of nuclear weapons is estimated at 600 nuclear warheads as of 2025, making it the world's third-largest nuclear arsenal. China was the fifth country to develop nuclear weapons, conducting its first test in 1964 and its first full-scale thermonuclear test in 1967. China is one of the five nuclear-weapon states recognized by the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), to which it acceded in 1992. China conducted 45 nuclear tests before signing the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty in 1996.
China is the only NPT nuclear-weapon state significantly expanding its arsenal, projected to reach 1,000 warheads by 2030 and up to 1,500 by 2035.