Arequipa, also known by its nicknames of Ciudad Blanca (Spanish for "White City") and León del Sur (Spanish for "Lion of the South"), is a city in Peru and the capital of the eponymous province and department. It is the seat of the Constitutional Court of Peru and often dubbed the "legal capital of Peru". It is the second most populated city in Peru, after the capital Lima, with an urban population of 1,195,700 in 2025. Known for its colonial architecture and volcanic stone buildings, it is a major cultural and economic center.
Arequipa is also an important industrial and commercial center in Peru, and is considered the second biggest industrial city of the country. Within its industrial activities are the manufactured products and the textile production of wool of camelids.