This article documents the political career of Abraham Lincoln from the end of his term in the United States House of Representatives in March 1849 to the beginning of his first term as President of the United States in March 1861.
After serving a single term in the U. S. House, Lincoln returned to Springfield, Illinois, where he worked as a lawyer. He initially remained a committed member of the Whig Party, but he joined the newly formed Republican Party after the Whigs collapsed in the wake of the 1854 Kansas–Nebraska Act. In 1858, he launched a challenge to Democratic Senator Stephen A. Douglas. Though Lincoln failed to unseat Douglas, he earned national notice for his role in the Lincoln–Douglas debates.