Pakistan is one of nine states that possess nuclear weapons. Pakistan is not party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Pakistan's arsenal is estimated at 170 nuclear weapons. Pakistan carried out two nuclear tests, Chagai-I and Chagai-II, both in 1998 and underground. Pakistan's nuclear weapons doctrine, full spectrum deterrence, rejects no first use, promising to use "any weapon in its arsenal" to protect its interests in the event of attack. Pakistan's primary strategic concern is potential conflict with India, which also possesses nuclear weapons.
Pakistan operates approximately 126 land-based missiles, primarily ballistic, of various short, medium, and intermediate ranges.