On This Day
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King Alfonso X 'the Wise', King of Castile & Leon crowned

Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, Spanish: el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1 June 1252 until his death in 1284.

Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, Spanish: el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1 June 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Germany on 1 April. He renounced his claim to Germany in 1275, and in creating an alliance with the Kingdom of England in 1254, his claim on the Duchy of Gascony as well.

Alfonso's scientific interests—he is sometimes nicknamed the Astrologer (el Astrólogo)—led him to sponsor the creation of the Alfonsine tables, and the Alphonsus crater on the Moon is named after him. He also sponsored the work of historians who, for the first time since Isidore of Seville in c. 600, placed Spain in the context of world history.

Historical Significance

Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, Spanish: el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1 June 1252 until his death in 1284.

Events Before

  1. The Servite Order is officially approved by Cardinal Raniero Capocci, papal legate in Tuscany

    The Servite Order is officially approved by Cardinal Raniero Capocci, papal legate in Tuscany

  2. The Seventh Crusade is defeated in Egypt, and Louis IX of France is captured

    The Seventh Crusade (1248–1254) was the first of the two Crusades led by Louis IX of France.

  3. Kublai is acclaimed the Great Khan by a Mongol Great Council

    Kublai is acclaimed the Great Khan by a Mongol Great Council

  4. The Virgin Mary gives Simon Stock a Brown Scapular (legend)

    The Virgin Mary gives Simon Stock a Brown Scapular (legend)

  5. BC Solar eclipse on this date might indicate the birth of the legendary Heracles in Thebes, Greece

    BC Solar eclipse on this date might indicate the birth of the legendary Heracles in Thebes, Greece

Events After

  1. -May 7th) Utrecht destroyed by fire

    -May 7th) Utrecht destroyed by fire

  2. Battle at Westkapelle - Floris de Voogd 'the Guardian' defeats Guy of Dampierre

    Battle at Westkapelle - Floris de Voogd 'the Guardian' defeats Guy of Dampierre

  3. Mindaugas is crowned King of Lithuania

    Mindaugas (1203 – 12 September 1263) was the first known Grand Duke of Lithuania and the only crowned King of Lithuania.

  4. University of Salamanca granted a royal charter by Alfonso IX. Third oldest university still operating and the oldest Hi

    University of Salamanca granted a royal charter by Alfonso IX. Third oldest university still operating and the oldest Hispanic.

  5. Königsberg (modern day Kaliningrad) founded by Teutonic Knights and named in honor of the Bohemian King Ottokar II

    Kaliningrad (known as Königsberg until 1946) is the largest city and administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, an exclave of Russia between Lithuania and Poland (663 kilometres (412 mi) west of...

More from the 1250s

Michael VIII Palaiologos is formally proclaimed Emperor of Nicaea in Nymphaion

Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus reigned as Byzantine emperor from 1261 until his death in 1282, and previously as the co-emperor of the Empire of Nicaea from 1259 to 1261.

Baghdad, then a city of 1 million, falls to the Mongols as the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed, with tens of thousands sl

Baghdad, then a city of 1 million, falls to the Mongols as the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed, with tens of thousands slaughtered, ending the Islamic Golden Age

The Seventh Crusade is defeated in Egypt, and Louis IX of France is captured

The Seventh Crusade (1248–1254) was the first of the two Crusades led by Louis IX of France.

Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull Ad Extirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the torture of heretics in the Me

Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull Ad Extirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the torture of heretics in the Medieval Inquisition

Frequently Asked Questions

What happened on July 1, 1252?
Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, Spanish: el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1 June 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Germany on 1 April. He renounced his claim to Germany in 1275, and in creating an alliance with the Kingdom of England in 1254, his claim on the Duchy of Gascony as well.
Why is King Alfonso X 'the Wise', King of Castile & Leon crowned significant?
Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, Spanish: el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 1 June 1252 until his death in 1284.

Explore More

July 1 in HistoryYear 1252