The Romanian Communist Party was a communist party in Romania. It was founded in 1921, and became the founding and ruling party of the Communist Socialist Republic of Romania in 1947. From then its overthrow in the Romanian revolution in 1989, it was effectively the only legal party in the country. Ideologically committed to Marxism–Leninism, the party oversaw Romania's departure from Soviet satellite status and incorporation of national communism.
The successor to the pro-Bolshevik wing of the Socialist Party of Romania, it gave an ideological endorsement to a communist revolution that would replace the social system of the Kingdom of Romania.