Iran has a mixed, centrally planned economy with a large public sector. It consists of hydrocarbon, agricultural and service sectors, in addition to manufacturing and financial services, with over 40 industries traded on the Tehran Stock Exchange. With 10% of the world's proven oil reserves and 15% of its gas reserves, Iran is considered an "energy superpower". Nevertheless, since 2024 Iran has been suffering from an energy crisis, and a wider economic crisis, which has led to massive protests erupting in late 2025.
Since the 1979 Islamic revolution, Iran's economy has experienced slower economic growth, high inflation, and recurring crises. The Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988), increased corruption, and subsequent international sanctions severely disrupted development.